Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios of current treatment among women aged 50 and older in Japan with diagnosed osteoporosis (N = 877).

Factor	OR	95% confidence interval		P value
		Low	High
Age (5-year increment)	1.045	0.924	1.181	0.486
Married/living with partner	1.080	0.763	1.529	0.665
University degree	1.015	0.665	1.550	0.945
Household income
Low income	Reference
High income	1.176	0.835	1.657	0.353
Declined to answer income	1.265	0.733	2.185	0.399
Cigarette smoking
Never smoker	Reference
Current smoker	0.810	0.476	1.379	0.438
Former smoker	1.321	0.827	2.110	0.244
Daily alcohol use	1.654	0.868	3.152	0.126
Exercise	1.048	0.761	1.443	0.774
BMI category
Underweight	1.162	0.727	1.859	0.530
Normal weight	Reference
Overweight or obese	0.719	0.435	1.19	0.199
Declined to answer weight	1.852	0.585	5.864	0.295
CCI	1.028	0.87	1.214	0.747
Completed menopause	1.587	1.084	2.323	0.018
On oral glucocorticoids	2.106	0.841	5.269	0.112
Back pain	1.237	0.761	2.011	0.390
Arthritis	0.654	0.435	0.982	0.040
Family history of osteoporosis	1.472	1.001	2.164	0.049
BMD scan history
Has had BMD scan	Reference
Never had BMD scan	0.749	0.405	1.385	0.357
Not sure of BMD scan	0.473	0.222	1.007	0.052
Previous fracture since age 50	1.26	0.905	1.756	0.172
Moderate or severe osteoporosis (relative to mild)	2.777	1.991	3.873	<0.001
Duration of osteoporosis (5-year increment)	0.857	0.745	0.986	0.031
Healthcare use
Visited physician (past 6 months)	5.374	3.007	9.604	<0.001
Visited ER (past 6 months)	0.842	0.456	1.555	0.583
Hospitalized (past 6 months)	0.926	0.513	1.670	0.798

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; BMD: bone mineral density; ER: emergency room.