Table 1.
Studies examining the association of the ACE I/D polymorphism and response to antiproteinuric (renoprotective) effect of ACE inhibitor therapy.
| Authors (year) |
Ethnicity | Disease and patient number | Study durations (month) |
Therapy drug |
Effects on proteinuria or progression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parving et al. (1996) | Caucasian | Type 1 DM (35) | 84 | Captopril | Faster progression and higher residual proteinuria in DD genotype | [44] |
| Jacobsen et al. (1998) | Caucasian | Type 1 DM (60) | 6 | Captopril | II genotype more albuminuria reduction |
[45] |
| Penno et al. (1998) | Caucasian | Type 1 DM (530) | 24 | Lisinopril | II genotype more albuminuria reduction |
[46] |
| Jacobsen et al. (2003) | Caucasian | Type 1 DM (169) | 72 | ACEIs (captopril, lisinopril, and enalapril) | D Allele accelerated progression of DMN |
[47] |
| Ha et al. (2000) | Asian (Korean) | Type 2 DM (83) | 3 | Benazepril, perindopril | DD genotype more albuminuria reduction |
[34] |
| So et al. (2006) | Asian (Chinese) | Type 2 DM (2089) | 44.6 | RAAS inhibitors | DD genotype higher risk of declining renal function | [48] |
| Cheema et al. (2013) | Asian (Indian) | Type 2 DM (490) | 36 | ACEIs | II genotype better renoprotective effect |
[49] |
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACE I/D polymorphism: angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism.