Table 1.
Aging associated changes in action potentials (APs).
| Species | AP Threshold | AP Amplitude | AHP | AP Conduction | AP Firing | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monkey | –No change in Layer 2/3 PFC-PC; | –Decrease in layer 2/3 PFC-PC; | –Increase in Layer 2/3 PFC-PC; | na | –Increase in Layer 2/3 PFC-PC; | Schmolesky et al. (2000), Leventhal et al. (2003), Luebke and Rosene (2003), Chang et al. (2005), Luebke and Chang (2007), Luebke et al. (2013) |
| –No change in Layer 5 PFC-PC; | –Decrease in Layer 5 PFC-PC; | –Increase in Layer 5 PFC-PC; | –Increase in Layer 5 PFC-PC; | |||
| –No change in Layer 3 V1-PC; | –No change in Layer 3 V1-PC; | –No change in Layer 3 V1-PC; | –Increase in layer 3 V1-PC | |||
| –No change in DGCL | –No change in DGCL | –No change in DGCL | ||||
| Rat | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC; | –No change in HP-CA1-PC; | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC; | –Decrease in Nucleus Basal is cortical afferent cholinergic neurons; | –Increase in HP-CA3-PIC; | Rogers et al. (1981), Landfield and Pitler (1984), Aston-Jones et al. (1985), Kerr et al. (1989), Hsu et al. (2002), Kumar and Foster (2004), Wilson et al. (2005), Gant et al. (2006), Matthews et al. (2009), Hickmott and Dinse (2013) |
| –Increase in Layer 3 S1-PC; | –No change in Layer 3 S1-PC | –No change in Layer 3 S1-PC; | –Decrease in Parallel fiber Purkinje cell circuitry | –No change in HP-CA1-PIC | ||
| Mouse | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC; | –No change in HP-CA1-PC; | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC; | na | –Decrease in HP-CA1-PC | Lu et al. (2011), Randall et al. (2012) |
| –No change on HP-CA3-IN; | –No change in HP-CA3-IN | –No change in HP-CA3-IN | –Increase in HP-CA1-PIC | |||
| Rabbit | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC | na | –Increase in HP-CA1-PC; | na | –Decrease in HP-CA1-PC | Moyer et al. (1992), Disterhoft et al. (1996), Moyer et al. (2000), Power et al. (2002), Disterhoft and Oh (2006), Disterhoft and Oh (2007) |
| –No change in HP-CA3-IN | ||||||
| Aplysia | –Increase in PVC-SN; | –Increase in PVC-SN; | na | –Decrease in R2 | –Decrease in PVC-SN | Harley (1975), Akhmedov et al. (2013), Kempsell and Fieber (2014) |
| –Increase in BSC-SN; | –Increase in BSC-SN; | –Decrease in BSC-SN | ||||
| –No change in TMN; | –No change in TMN; | –No change in TMN | ||||
| –No data on R15; | –No change in R15 | –No change in R15 | ||||
| Cat | na | na | na | –Decrease in spinal cord motoneurons; | -Increase in cat V1-PC | Chase et al. (1985), Morales et al. (1987), Xi et al. (1999) |
| –Decrease in Pyramidal tract neurons |