Table 3.
Autonomic function
| Test | Type 1 diabetes (n = 58) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 15) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate variability with deep breathing | 7.1 ± 2.7 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | <0.05 |
| Expiratory to inspiratory ratio | 1.11 ± 0.05 | 1.17 ± 0.05 | <0.05 |
| Valsalva ratio | 1.28 ± 0.14 | 1.36 ± 0.11 | NS |
| Phase 2 drop in Valsalva blood pressure (mmHg) | 35 ± 19 | 31 ± 16 | NS |
| Phase 4 Valsalva blood pressure overshoot (mmHg) | 7 ± 6 | 14 ± 9 | <0.05 |
| Baseline blood pressure (mmHg) | 114/75 ± 9/5 | 135/84 ± 11/8 | <0.01 |
| Baseline heart rate (bpm) | 92 ± 11 | 83 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Tilt blood pressure (mmHg) | 94/63 ± 7/6 | 117/76 ± 12/7 | <0.01 |
| Tilt heart rate (bpm) | 108 ± 13 | 92 ± 8 | <0.01 |
NS = not significant.