Table 1.
Subject characteristics by obesity phenotype
| Characteristic | All N=47 |
Lean N=10 |
Obese N=12 |
T2D N=25 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 17 (36%) | 5 (50%) | 4 (33%) | 8 (32%) | 0.66 |
| Age | 15.3 (2.1) | 14.9 (2.0) | 15.1 (2.0) | 15.6 (2.3) | 0.63 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian | 19 (40%) | 8 (80%) | 6 (50%) | 5 (20%) | |
| Hispanic | 22 (47%) | 1 (10%) | 5 (42%) | 16 (64%) | 0.01 |
| Other | 6 (13%) | 1 (10%) | 1 (8%) | 4 (16%) | |
| Tanner*,† | |||||
| 2 | 1 (2%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (4%) | |
| 3 | 4 (9%) | 1 (10%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (8%) | 0.02 |
| 4 | 7 (15%) | 5 (50%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (4%) | |
| 5 | 34 (74%) | 4 (40%) | 10 (83.3%) | 20 (83%) | |
| BMI z-score | 1.6 (1.0) | −0.06 (0.71) | 1.9 (0.46)a | 2.1 (0.48)a | <0.0001 |
| % Fat Mass | 36.6 (12.1) | 19.0 (10.6) | 39.6 (6.8)a | 42.4 (6.9)a | <0.0001 |
| GIR (mg/kg*min−1) | 7.6 (5.3) | 15.2 (4.4) | 8.0 (2.8)a | 4.3 (2.4)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Lean GIR (mg/lean kg*min−1) | 12.2 (6.3) | 19.8 (4.3) | 14.0 (4.5)a | 7.9 (3.9)a,b | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119 (11.0) | 111 (6.2) | 121 (8.9)a | 122 (11.7)a | 0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.5 (9.2) | 62.7 (6.4) | 74.6 (7.1)a | 73.5 (9.2)a | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.8(1.1) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.9(1.2) | 2.0(1.2) | 0.07 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.06 (0.3) | 0.49 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.3 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.5) | 2.63 (0.65)a | 2.39 (0.6)a | 0.009 |
| Log (ALT) | 3.6 (0.72) | 3.5 (0.50) | 3.6 (0.41) | 3.7 (0.90) | 0.66 |
| IL6 (pg/ml)* | 3.4 (3.0) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.4 (0.85) | 4.3 (3.9) | 0.13 |
| hsCRP (nmol/L) | 35.2 (42.9) | 7.5 (9.1) | 10.5(15.2) | 58.1 (47.6)a,b | 0.0002 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 8.0 (3.8) | 9.5 (3.3) | 10.2 (3.7) | 6.3 (3.2)a,b | 0.002 |
| Baseline Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 (1.6) | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.4) | 6.5 (1.8)a,b | 0.0001 |
| Baseline NEFA (μmol/L) | 558 (254) | 521 (317) | 583 (155) | 561 (273) | 0.86 |
| NEFA Suppression (%) | 74 (27) | 90 (7) | 68 (36) | 70 (26) | 0.11 |
| Baseline insulin (pmol/L) | 160 (119) | 58 (28) | 113 (49)a | 223 (126)a,b | <0.0001 |
Datarepresent Mean (SD) or N (%). Tanner stage and race/ethnicity were controlled for in the phenotype comparisons of baseline NEFA and NEFA suppression.
a
significant vs. controls,
b
significant vs. obese;
*
one obese subject is missing %fat mass; several subjects are missing IL6, such that lean n=9, obese n=11, T2 n=23; *one T2D subject is missing Tanner stage;
†
The overall comparison among the groups is tested; pairwise comparisons are not made