Table 4.
Services categories and descriptions coded in IEPs and 504 Plans and the level of support for these services,
| Service | Description of Service Category | Support | % of IEPs | % of 504 Plans | χ2 (1, N=97) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extended Time | Increased time allotted for tests, quizzes, projects, or assignments | R, 1, 3 | 88.33 | 78.38 | 1.74 |
| Small Group | Instruction or testing in a small group | R, 2 | 85.00 | 56.76 | 9.54* |
| Prompting | Direct the students’ attention to the task at hand | R, 2 | 76.67 | 64.86 | 1.59 |
| Test Aids | Allowed the use of calculator or notes during tests | R | 73.33 | 29.72 | 17.72* |
| Read-Aloud | Allowing students to read instructions, tests, and/or quizzes aloud or have these read aloud to them | R, 2 | 70.00 | 32.43 | 13.09* |
| Breaks | Providing students with additional breaks | R | 58.33 | 27.02 | 9.02* |
| Study Support | Teaching skills to improve independent study of materials (developing note cards, guided worksheets) | R | 36.67 | 8.11 | 9.78* |
| Reduction | Reduced the number or length of tests or assignments while including the same content (e.g., reduce number of repetitions) | R, 1, 2 | 30.00 | 2.70 | 10.83* |
| Behavior Modification | Reinforcements or punishments | R, 1, 2, 3 | 28.33 | 5.41 | 7.64* |
| One-on-one | Pull student out of the general education setting for one-on-one instruction or testing | R, 2 | 26.67 | 29.73 | 0.11 |
| Modeling Skills | Provide example or demonstration of skills or concepts | R, 2 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 10.94* |
| Preferential Seating | Relocated student closer to point of instruction | R, 1, 2 | 21.67 | 35.14 | 2.12 |
| Material Organization | Increase student organization of classroom materials or assignments | R, 1, 2, 3 | 21.67 | 27.03 | 0.36 |
| Planner Organization | Increase student temporal organization (e.g., daily planner) | R, 1, 2, 3 | 16.67 | 54.05 | 14.98* |
| Adapted Grading | Modify how projects, assignments, tests, and/or quizzes are graded | N | 13.33 | 10.81 | .134 |
| Copy of Notes | Provide a copy of notes from class | N | 8.33 | 18.91 | 2.37 |
| Divide Tasks | Breaking tasks into smaller segments | R, 2 | 8.33 | 13.51 | 0.66 |
| P/T Contact | Increase parent-teacher communication | R | 3.33 | 21.62 | 8.28* |
Note. Codes under “Support” R=Recommended by ED, 1 = multiple studies investigating service, 2 = study or studies report(s) positive impact on academic and/or behavioral performance, 3 = adequate experimental control, N = No level of support and not included on ED list of recommended services;
*
p<.05