(a) Reference emission spectra (normalized) from rat tail tendon collagen, free NADH, keratin and FAD, (b) Normalized emission spectra from axial x-z scans in normal mice skin (z = 17, s = 17, n = 12), mice skin with preclinical changes (z = 8, s = 8, n = 6) and clinically visible mice skin tumors (z = 7, s = 7, n = 6). The corresponding spectrum is an average of the emission spectra obtained from ‘z’ axial x-z NLSI scans (100 μm × 60 μm) in ‘s’ regions from ‘n’ mice for each clinco-pathologic grade.