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. 2014 Mar 27;1313(1):17–34. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12417

Table 2.

Parameters characterizing each phase of drug development

Parameter Description
tstart Time in months from start of phase to date of new drug approval
tend Time in months from end of phase to date of new drug approval
c Cost, per month, per compound in phase
p Probability that a compound undergoing this phase of development is ultimately approved for marketing
r Cost of capital, as an annual interest rate