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Relationships between sheephead (predators), sea urchins (grazers) and benthic macroalgal taxa (primary producers). Shown are associations between the abundance of sea urchins and (a) giant kelp, (b) fleshy understory macroalgae and (c) crustose coralline algae (CCA) and (d) sheephead biomass. Points represent the mean density, per cent cover or biomass per site.
