Figure 2.

Optical imaging and electro-physiological recordings of unmated and mated (3 or 24 h post mating) male S. littoralis olfactory responses to different loadings of (a–c) the synthetic pheromone blend and (e–g) the main component of the pheromone blend (Z9,E11-14Ac) by OI, EAG and SSR. (d) Antennal active components in the pheromone gland extract are (1) Z9-14Ac, (2) Z9,E12-14Ac and (3) Z9,E11-14Ac as identified by synchronous signals from GC–FID and the coupled electroantennodetection (EAD). (f) SSR recordings from unmated (left) and mated males, 3 h (middle) or 24 h (right) post mating. (c,g left) EAG (%), (f,g middle) SSR (spikes s⁻¹) responses and (a,b,e,g right) OI intensities (ΔF/F; %) obtained on antennal lobe glomeruli. Stimulus loadings from 0.1 to 100 FE for the synthetic pheromone blend and (0.1 – 100 µg) for Z9,E11-14Ac were applied on filter paper. Insignificant baseline responses at lower loadings are not shown. Different letters within the same dose indicate significant difference (p < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc tests following two-way RM ANOVA for EAG and OI; Dunn's multiple comparison following Kruskal–Wallis test for SSR). SSR: horizontal bar represents 0.5 s. (Online version in colour.)