Table 3.

Results of linear mixed-effects models testing the fixed effects of time, time², voyage route, BWE status, time × voyage route, the interaction terms between time and BWE status (time × BWE status) and between BWE status and voyage route (BWE status × voyage route) for CP and total PP associated with invertebrate and diatom assemblages in control and BWE tanks during trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific voyages after BWE. Time, time² and BWE status were included as fixed effects in models for dinoflagellates. Time was defined as the number of days since BWE. Time² and time × BWE status were not retained in any model. Dashes indicate non-significant variables that were excluded in the final optimal models.

	invertebrates				diatoms				dinoflagellates
	d.f.	β	t	p	d.f.	β	t	p	d.f.	β	t	p
CP
time	57	1.3	6.1	<0.01	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
voyage route	57	6.3	12.1	<0.01	—	—	—	—	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
BWE status	57	1.9	6.5	<0.01	—	—	—		5	7.7	4.2	<0.01
time × voyage route	57	−1.5	−6.5	<0.01	—	—	—	—	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
BWE status × voyage route	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
total PP
time	—	—	—		—	—	—	—	31	−3255.7	−3.1	<0.01
voyage route	56	56562.9	12.3	<0.01	—	—	—	—	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
BWE status	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	5	7.7	4.2	<0.01
time × voyage route	56	−2093.2	−3.2	<0.01	—	—	—	—	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
BWE status × voyage route	56	−25 323.3	−8.7	<0.01	6	33 191.8	5.8	<0.01	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.