TABLE 3.

Input Function and Kinetic Parameter Estimation Error for Simulation Data with 2 and 5 Seconds Infusion. (mean ± standard deviation)(%).

	# Blood Samples	2 seconds infusion		5 seconds infusion
		CWRU	HSIDO	CWRU	HSIDO
AUC	0	13.3 ± 21.1	9.3 ± 13.9 §	13.0 ± 20.7	6.9 ± 13.0 ‡§
	1	7.1 ± 10.6 *†	0.1 ± 6.9 *†‡§	6.6 ± 9.6 *†	−1.4 ± 7.0 *†‡§
	2	4.6 ± 10.7	0.2 ± 6.3 ‡§	5.5 ± 10.9	−0.9 ± 6.4 ‡§
K1	0	9.6 ± 26.4	−4.8 ± 13.4 §	13.5 ± 32.1	−1.9 ± 13.5 ‡§
	1	5.9 ± 25.9	1.7 ± 9.2 †§	11.8 ± 34.2	4.4 ± 10.3 †§
	2	9.2 ± 33.2	1.4 ± 8.5 §	22.6 ± 58.1	3.2 ± 9.4 ‡§
k2	0	29.3 ± 52.4	2.3 ± 21.8 ‡§	39.9 ± 68.4	2.0 ± 21.7 ‡§
	1	15.3 ± 41.4	−0.9 ± 10.6 †‡§	24.0 ± 60.2	−1.6 ± 9.6 †‡§
	2	18.6 ± 44.8	−1.4 ± 10.4 ‡§	46.0 ± 112.2	−2.4 ± 8.9 ‡§
k3	0	−2.4 ± 20.3	−2.5 ± 12.6 §	−1.1 ± 16.3	−3.9 ± 12.2 §
	1	−2.4 ± 17.2	−3.6 ± 7.5 †§	−3.1 ± 16.6	−5.5 ± 6.5 †§
	2	0.1 ± 16.1	−3.9 ± 7.2 §	−0.1 ± 17.9	−5.5 ± 6.2 §
k4	0	27.6 ± 101.6	−6.5 ± 27.9 §	15.4 ± 73.4	−4.2 ± 28.6 §
	1	−4.9 ± 36.0 †	−6.3 ± 25.9 †§	−6.4 ± 41.1 †	−4.6 ± 28.9 †§
	2	−8.3 ± 32.7	−7.6 ± 28.7 §	−17.7 ± 36.4	−5.1 ± 28.6 ‡§
Ki	0	−7.9 ± 15.0	−7.5 ± 11.6 §	−7.9 ± 15.4	−5.4 ± 11.4 §
	1	−5.8 ± 9.0 †	−0.1 ± 6.8 *†‡§	−5.5 ± 9.3 †	1.5 ± 7.1 *†‡§
	2	−3.8 ± 10.6	−0.3 ± 6.1 ‡§	−4.4 ± 11.4	1.0 ± 6.4 ‡§

CWRU: Input function estimation method in Ref. 3.

HSIDO: Input function estimation method developed in this study.

^*Measurement bias decreases significantly (P<0.05) over the same measurement obtained with one less blood sample.

^†Measurement precision improves significantly (P<0.05) over the same measurement obtained with one less blood sample.

^‡HSIDO based measurement has significantly smaller bias (P<0.05) than CWRU based measurement.

^§HSIDO based measurement has significantly better precision (P<0.05) than CWRU based measurement.