TABLE 2.

Hazard ratios for resting heart rate variables and the risk of incident myocardial infarction events and death.

	Events	Subjects	Person-years	RHR Mean, HR (95% CI)	RHR Trend, HR (95% CI)	RHR Variation, HR (95% CI)
Any incident MI event
Minimally-adjusted	262	1991	22,372	1.07 (0.92-1.25)	1.12 (0.99-1.28)	1.01 (0.90-1.13)
CV risk factor-adjusted	260	1971	22,173	1.00 (0.86-1.17)	1.09 (0.96-1.24)	1.03 (0.92-1.15)
Fully-adjusted	259	1941	21,920	0.99 (0.85-1.16)	1.08 (0.95-1.23)	1.01 (0.90-1.14)
Death from any cause
Minimally-adjusted	1326	1991	23,324	1.14 (1.07-1.22)	0.98 (0.92-1.04)	1.07 (1.03-1.13)
CV risk factor-adjusted	1311	1971	23,122	1.12 (1.05-1.20)	0.97 (0.91-1.03)	1.08 (1.03-1.13)
Fully-adjusted	1286	1941	22,862	1.08 (1.01-1.16)	0.98 (0.91-1.04)	1.06 (1.02-1.12)

Each regression model included all three resting heart rate (RHR) exposure variables, and hazard ratios adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors represent the primary analyses (bolded). Hazard ratios for RHR mean, RHR trend, and RHR variation are per units of 10 bpm, 2 bpm/year, and 2 bpm respectively. Minimally-adjusted models were adjusted for age, sex, and race; CV risk factor-adjusted models were also adjusted for current smoking, treated diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease; and fully-adjusted models were also adjusted for marital status, education, self-reported health status, regular moderate or high-intensity exercise, body mass index, serum creatinine, 15-foot walk speed, and grip strength. CI = confidence interval, CV = cardiovascular, HR = hazard ratio.