Table 2.

Disease, duration, intervention training, and outcome measures

First author, year	Disease	Duration (months)	Study design	Intervention	MI training	Outcome measures of adherence
Berger, 2005	Multiple Sclerosis	3	RCT	I: Software based on MI and transtheoretical model of change guided telephone counseling provided by one of three counselors every 2 to 4 weeks C: Standard care	8 h of MI-based software training	Discontinuation of Avonex treatment
Cook, 2007	Osteoporosis	4.1	Cohort Study	I: Telephonic counseling delivered by one of four RNs trained in MI and cognitive-behavioral techniques • At-risk patients received a median of five contacts • Low-risk patients received a median of three contacts C: N/A	No explanation of training	Self-reported adherence Pharmacy Rx fills
Cook, 2008	Mental Illness	6	Cohort Study	I: Telephonic counseling delivered by one of three RNs trained in MI and cognitive-behavioral techniques • At-risk patients received an average of 3.5 calls  • Average length of 11 min • Low-risk patients received one call at 6 months; also toll-free number for at-will contacts C: N/A	8 h of training on the counseling model	Self-reported adherence Pharmacy Rx fills Emergency department utilization
Cook, 2009	HIV	6	Cohort Study	I: Telephonic counseling delivered by RNs trained in MI and cognitive-behavioral techniques • High-risk patients received a median of 3 calls  • Average length of 7.5 min • Low-risk patients received one call at 6 months C: N/A	8 h of training on the counseling model	Self-reported adherence
Cook, 2010	Ulcerative Colitis	6	Cohort Study	I: Telephonic counseling delivered by RNs trained in MI and cognitive-behavioral techniques • High-risk patients received multiple calls from the same RN • Low-risk patient received one call at 6 months • All patients received a toll-free number to call with any questions C: N/A	8 h of training on the counseling model	Self-reported adherence
Konkle-Parker, 2012	HIV	6	RCT	I: In-person MI sessions at weeks one and two • Lasted 30–60 min Telephone MI sessions at weeks 3, 4, 6, 10, 16, and 24. • Lasted less than 10 min $10 incentive paid for in-person sessions C: Usual care	18 h of training from MINTa trainer and practice	Self-reported adherence Pharmacy Rx refill rate
Lawrence, 2008	Cardiovascular Disease and/or Diabetes	17	Cohort Study	I: Care managers call patient when software indicated an Rx filled within 120 days that was 60+ days late • MI, active listening, and health behavior change techniques used to address patients’ readiness to change behaviors related to adherence	No explanation of training	Refill re-initiation Time to therapy reinitiation
Solomon, 2012	Osteoporosis	12	RCT	I: MI delivered by one of seven health educators • Aim was ten sessions per patient • seven mailings covering exercise, fall prevention, and recommended calcium intake C: seven mailings covering exercise, fall prevention, and recommended calcium intake	Half day of training from MI expert	Medication Possession Ratio
Williams, 2012	Kidney Disease and Diabetes	3	RCT	I: MI delivered by nurse every 14 days • Used standing script and checklist • Self-monitoring of BP, medication review, 20 min DVD C: Usual care	No explanation of training	Pill counts Morisky scale

I Intervention group; C control group

^aMotivational Interviewing Network of Trainers