Figure 4.

Analysis of the pressure ($P,$ top) and flow ($Q,$ middle) waveforms in the midpoint of the thoracic aorta of the ‘healthy’ model using the new methodology described in “Combined Pulse Wave Analysis” section. $P$ and $Q$ in the cardiac cycles bounded by dashed vertical lines are separated into different types of physical contributions. (top) Contributions to $P$ from forward- ($P_{\text{con,f}}$) and backward-traveling ($P_{\text{con,b}}$) conduit wavefronts (blue hatched area), vascular ($P_{\text{con,v}}$) and cardiac ($P_{\text{con,c}}$) conduit wavefronts (red hatched area), peripheral wavefronts originating within the current cardiac cycle ($P_{\text{cyc,per}},$ green hatched area), wavefronts originating within the three previous cardiac cycles which are calculated from the history pressures $P_{\text{his,1}},P_{\text{his,2}},P_{\text{his,3}}$ and $P_{\text{his,4}}$ (black hatched areas), and the outflow pressure $P_{\text{out}}$ (gray area). $P_{\text{per}}$ is the peripheral pressure. Contributions are quantified as a percentage of the total area under the pressure waveform. (middle) Peripheral ($Q_{\text{per}}$), conduit ($Q_{\text{con}}$), cardiac conduit ($Q_{\text{con,c}}$), and history ($Q_{\text{his,1}},Q_{\text{his,2}},Q_{\text{his,3}}$) flow waveforms. (bottom) Forward ($\text{d}{I}_{\text{con,f}}$) and backward ($\text{d}{I}_{\text{con,b}}$) components of conduit wave intensity (d$I_{\text{con}}$). Shaded waves (black) accelerate blood flow and non-shaded waves (white) decelerate blood flow