Fig. 2.

Ciglitazone inhibited the enhancement of Th17 differentiation induced by IL-1β. Naïve CD4⁺ T cells were differentiated to Th17 in the presence or absence of IL-1β for 4 days. To test whether a PPARγ ligand inhibits IL-1β-mediated Th17 differentiation, 25 μM ciglitazone was added to the differentiation medium. On day 4, cells were harvested for CD4 and IL-17 staining (A), and cell supernatant was used for determination of IL-17 and IL-22 using ELISA (B). Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks (^**p<0.01; ^***p<0.001).