Table 2.

Efficacy results summary of disease-modifying therapies.

Drug	Alemtuzumab 12 mg		Natalizumab 300 mg	Fingolimod 0.5 mg		Dimethyl fumarate 240 mg (twice daily)		Teriflunomide 14 mg
Study	CARE-MS I [Cohen et al. 2012] n = 581	CARE-MS II [Coles et al. 2012b] n = 667	AFFIRM [Polman et al. 2006] n = 942	FREEDOMS [Kappos et al. 2010] n = 1272	TRANSFORMS [Cohen et al. 2010] n = 1292	CONFIRM [Fox et al. 2012] n = 1430	DEFINE [Gold et al. 2012] n = 1237	TEMSO [O’Connor et al. 2011] n = 1088	TOWER [Confavreux et al. 2014] n = 1169	TENERE [Vermersch et al. 2013] n = 324
Comparator	SC IFNB-1a	SC IFNB-1a	Placebo	Placebo	IFNB-1a IM	Placebo	Placebo	Placebo	Placebo	SC IFNB-1a
ARR, relative reduction versus comparator	55% p < 0.0001	49% p < 0.0001	68% p < 0.001	54% p < 0.001	38% p < 0.001	44% p < 0.001	53% p < 0.001	32% p < 0.001	36% p = 0.0001	None
HR of 3-month confirmed disability versus comparator (95% CI)	NA	0.72 p = 0.08	0.58 (0.43−0.77) p < 0.001	0.70 (0.52−0.96) p = 0.02	No significant difference in time to disability progression or proportion of patients with confirmed progression	0.79 (0.52−1.19) p = 0.25	0.62 (0.44−0.87) p = 0.005	0.70 (0.51−0.97)	0.68 (0.4−1.00) p = 0.0442	NA
HR of 6-month confirmed disability versus comparator (95% CI)	0.70 (0.40−1.23) p = 0.22	0.58 (0.38−0.87) p = 0.0084	0.46 (0.33−0.64) p < 0.001	0.63 (0.44−0.90) p = 0.01		NA	NA	NA	NA	NA

ARR, annualized relapse rate; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IFNB-1a, interferon beta-1a; IM, intramuscular; NA, not available; SC, subcutaneous.