. 2015 Jan 1;31(1):25–35. doi: 10.1089/aid.2014.0194

Table 1.

Characteristics of Residual Plasma Virus Predict the Nature of Its Cellular Source

Known characteristics of residual plasma virus	Potential characteristics of residual virus's source
a. Usually genetically distinct from CD4 T cells' virus. b. Uses CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor for infection. c. Lacks multidrug-resistant mutations. d. No significant change in the levels due to therapy intensification. e. Clonal in some patients. f. Some possess a defective tat mutation.	1. Non-CD4 T cell type with low expression of CD4 receptor for infection, or a type of CD4 T cells possibly sequestered in some tissues. 2. Perhaps more susceptible to residual virus infection than to CD4 T cells' virus infection. 3. Expresses CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. 4. Releases virus persistently. 5. Consists of long-lived virus-producing cells. 6. Perhaps has self-replication capacity. 7. Expresses active NF-κB constitutively, leading to persistent viral mRNA synthesis.

Known characteristics of residual plasma virus

Potential characteristics of residual virus's source

a. Usually genetically distinct from CD4 T cells' virus.
b. Uses CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor for infection.
c. Lacks multidrug-resistant mutations.
d. No significant change in the levels due to therapy intensification.
e. Clonal in some patients.
f. Some possess a defective tat mutation.

1. Non-CD4 T cell type with low expression of CD4 receptor for infection, or a type of CD4 T cells possibly sequestered in some tissues.
2. Perhaps more susceptible to residual virus infection than to CD4 T cells' virus infection.
3. Expresses CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors.
4. Releases virus persistently.
5. Consists of long-lived virus-producing cells.
6. Perhaps has self-replication capacity.
7. Expresses active NF-κB constitutively, leading to persistent viral mRNA synthesis.