Skip to main content
. 2015 Jan 7;35(1):299–307. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3698-14.2015

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Impact of deafening on singing behavior and HVC projection neuron activity. A, Global similarity of singing behavior (presurgical vs deafened motifs) of nine birds recorded at different time points after deafening. Filled symbols represent birds used for electrophysiological experiments. B, Example of a bird's presurgical song (top) and a highly deteriorated song produced 43 d after deafening (middle). The dotted line symbolizes the timing of the surgical procedure. Intracellular recordings during singing are provided for an HVC(RA) neuron. The membrane potential trace labeled Trial #1 corresponds to the postsurgical motif displayed directly above (43 d after deafening). Trial #2 shows an additional rendition of a motif for that cell. Spikes are clipped and spike times are indicated with tick marks. C, Example of a different bird's presurgical song (top) and a song produced 5 d after deafening (middle). Two intracellular recordings during singing of the postsurgical song are provided for an HVC(X) neuron. Trial #1 corresponds to the postsurgical motif displayed directly above. D, Number of bursts per motif for both HVC(RA) (left) and HVC(X) (right) neurons. E, F, The mean frequency (E) and amplitude (F) distribution of identified excitatory synaptic inputs for HVC(RA) and HVC(X) neurons after deafening (*p < 0.05 difference from control). For comparison, the data reported in the control condition are displayed in gray. G, Subthreshold correlation coefficients were calculated for all cells recorded after deafening (shaded region = 95% confidence interval calculated from control conditions).