Table 1. Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Clopidogrel-Treated TRIUMPH Patients following Acute Myocardial Infarction with and without the use of a Proton Pump Inhibitor.
| Caucasians | African Americans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI (n = 307 patients) | No PPI (n = 1325 patients) | p-value | PPI (n = 65 patients) | No PPI (n = 365 patients) | p-value | |
| Age | 60.4 ± 11.6 | 58.7 ± 12.0 | 0.02 | 60.4 ± 11.8 | 56.7 ± 11.8 | 0.02 |
| Male | 207 (67.4) | 1001 (75.5) | 0.003 | 34 (52.3) | 205 (56.2) | 0.56 |
| Hypertension | 202 (65.8) | 754 (56.9) | 0.004 | 51 (78.5) | 282 (77.3) | 0.83 |
| Dyslipidemia | 184 (59.9) | 634 (47.8) | 0.0001 | 33 (50.8) | 157 (43.0) | 0.25 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 97 (31.6) | 300 (22.6) | 0.001 | 29 (44.6) | 140 (38.4) | 0.34 |
| Smoking History | 224 (73.2) | 972 (73.9) | 0.79 | 47 (72.3) | 266 (73.9) | 0.79 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 19 (6.2) | 54 (4.1) | 0.11 | 9 (13.8) | 29 (7.9) | 0.12 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 16 (5.2) | 50 (3.8) | 0.25 | 6 (9.2) | 39 (10.7) | 0.72 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 22 (7.2) | 47 (3.5) | 0.005 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (2.7) | 0.37 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 14 (4.6) | 45 (3.4) | 0.32 | 9 (13.8) | 18 (4.9) | 0.006 |
| Prior Myocardial Infarction | 61 (19.9) | 213 (16.1) | 0.11 | 18 (27.7) | 81 (22.2) | 0.33 |
| Prior PCI | 76 (24.8) | 265 (20.0) | 0.06 | 19 (29.2) | 67 (18.4) | 0.04 |
| Prior CABG | 55 (17.9) | 128 (9.7) | < 0.0001 | 5 (7.7) | 33 (9.0) | 1.00 |
| Prior Stroke | 12 (3.9) | 43 (3.2) | 0.56 | 5 (7.7) | 20 (5.5) | 0.56 |
| Prior TIA | 10 (3.3) | 25 (1.9) | 0.14 | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.2) | 0.61 |
| GRACE Risk Score | 98.9 ± 27.8 | 94.7 ± 28.2 | 0.02 | 102.1 ± 29.8 | 92.8 ± 27.8 | 0.02 |
| Clinical Presentation of AMI | ||||||
| STEMI | 150 (48.9) | 740 (55.8) | 0.03 | 27 (41.5) | 155 (42.5) | 0.89 |
| NSTEMI | 153 (49.8) | 581 (43.8) | 0.06 | 38 (58.5) | 210 (57.5) | 0.89 |
| Index Hospital Revascularization | ||||||
| PCI | 263 (85.7) | 1158 (87.4) | 0.42 | 45 (69.2) | 288 (78.9) | 0.09 |
| CABG | 5 (1.6) | 38 (2.9) | 0.32 | 6 (9.2) | 10 (2.7) | 0.001 |
| Discharge Medications | ||||||
| Aspirin | 298 (97.1) | 1285 (97.0) | 0.94 | 62 (95.4) | 346 (94.8) | 0.84 |
| Clopidogrel | 307 (100.0) | 1325 (100.0) | 1.00 | 65 (100.0) | 365 (100.0) | 1.00 |
| Beta-blocker | 286 (93.2) | 1227 (92.6) | 0.74 | 61 (93.8) | 333 (91.2) | 0.48 |
| ACEI/ARB | 244 (79.5) | 1043 (78.7) | 0.77 | 41 (63.1) | 302 (82.7) | 0.0003 |
| Lipid lowering medication | 280 (91.2) | 1230 (92.8) | 0.33 | 59 (90.8) | 338 (92.6) | 0.61 |
Values are shown as absolute numbers (percentages) or mean ± SD.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; NSTEMI = non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction; TIA = Transient ischemic attack.