Table 1.
Summary of demographic and clinical data available on the subjects and tissue samples used in the present study
| Group and subject # |
Age (years) |
Race | Gender | PMI (hours) |
Brain pH |
Cause of death | Psychiatric diagnosis |
Medication at the time of death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | ||||||||
| 1 | 49 | W | M | 24.60 | 6.76 | Myocardial Infarction | NC | |
| 2 | 53 | NA | F | 24.00 | 5.80 | Cancer | NC | |
| 3 | 74 | W | F | 12.50 | 6.33 | NA | NC | |
| 4 | 54 | W | M | 24.20 | 6.53 | Congestive heart failure | NC | |
| 5 | 70 | W | F | 22.50 | 6.26 | Cancer | NC | |
| 6 | 67 | W | M | 22.33 | 6.42 | Heart attack/disease | NC | |
| 7 | 37 | W | M | 18.75 | 6.68 | Accidental | NC | |
| 8 | 73 | NA | M | 20.53 | 6.05 | NA | NC | |
| 9 | 35 | NA | M | 25.67 | 6.33 | NA | NC | |
| 10 | 89 | W | M | 7.42 | 6.39 | Cancer | NC | |
| 11 | 79 | W | M | 20.92 | 6.28 | Cancer | NC | |
| 12 | 78 | W | F | 23.91 | 6.67 | Cancer | NC | |
| 13 | 38 | W | M | 28.83 | 6.53 | Myocardial Infarction | NC | |
| 14 | 65 | W | F | 24.25 | 6.40 | NA | NC | |
| 15 | 66 | W | F | 7.42 | 6.03 | Cancer | NC | |
| 16 | 50 | NA | M | 24.13 | 6.01 | NA | NC | |
| 17 | 84 | W | M | 28.58 | 6.42 | Pneumonia | NC | |
| 18 | 40 | W | M | 16.60 | 6.24 | Myocardial infarction | NC | |
| 19 | 66 | W | M | 18.70 | 6.76 | Heart attack/disease | NC | |
| 20 | 40 | W | M | 28.00 | 6.50 | Ski accident | NC | |
|
| ||||||||
| Mean | 60.35 | 21.19 | 6.37 | |||||
| SD | 16.94 | 6.18 | 0.26 | |||||
| Bipolar disorder | ||||||||
| 1 | 80 | NA | F | 11.60 | 6.38 | NA | BP | NA |
| 2 | 74 | W | M | 7.18 | 6.70 | Pneumonia | BP | Gabapentin, zolpidem, olanzapine, lorazepam |
| 3 | 73 | W | F | 20.83 | 6.30 | Sepsis | BP | Carbamazepine, risperidone, diltiazem |
| 4 | 74 | W | M | 14.25 | 6.27 | Pneumonia | BP | Lithium,olanzapine, divalproex, zolpidem, lorazepam |
| 5 | 73 | W | F | 17.00 | 6.40 | Renal failure | BP | Divalproex, risperidone, sertraline, donepezil |
| 6 | 40 | W | M | 30.75 | 6.03 | Suicide (hanging) | BP | Risperidone, gabapentin, nefazodone, topiramate, ziprasidone |
| 7 | 38 | W | M | 22.00 | 6.24 | Suicide (CO poisoning) | BP | Divalproex, paroxetine, clonazepam, olanzapine, metoclopramide |
| 8 | 83 | NA | M | 17.50 | 6.60 | Cardiopulmonary arrest | BP | Divalproex, paroxetine |
| 9 | 72 | W | M | 27.66 | 6.24 | Sepsis | BP | Lithium, trazadone, |
| 10 | 82 | W | M | 5.02 | 6.37 | Cardiopulmonary arrest | BP | NA |
| 11 | 78 | W | M | 30.20 | 6.30 | Cardio-respiratory arrest | BP | Thorazine, clonazepam, divalproex, lithium, levodopa-carbidopa |
| 12 | 42 | W | F | 15.80 | 6.26 | Medication overdose | BP | Divalproex, lithium, perphenazine, zolpidem |
| 13 | 29 | W | F | 10.70 | 6.70 | Suicide (hanging) | BP | Valproic acid, lithium, clonozepam, phenelzine, olanzapine, propranolol |
| 14 | 64 | W | F | 11.00 | 6.69 | Emphysema | BP | Divalproex, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine, Doxepin, trihexyphenidil, clonazepam |
| 15 | 38 | W | M | 41.50 | 6.52 | Suicide (gunshot wound) | BP | NA (? Not taking meds at time of death) |
| 16 | 51 | W | M | 31.00 | 7.02 | NA | BP | NA |
| 17 | 76 | W | F | 22.80 | 6.60 | Heart attack/disease | BP | Lithium, lorazepam |
| 18 | 50 | W | M | 30.50 | 6.35 | Heart attack/disease | BP | Lithium |
| 19 | 74 | W | M | 24.80 | 6.53 | Pneumonia | BP | Divalproex, quetiapine |
|
| ||||||||
| Mean | 62.68 | 20.64 | 6.45 | |||||
| SD | 17.91 | 9.70 | 0.23 | |||||
| Schizophrenia | ||||||||
| 1 | 55 | NA | F | 18.00 | 6.48 | NA | SA | NA |
| 2 | 66 | W | M | 22.10 | 6.43 | Pneumonia | SZ | Haloperidol |
| 3 | 61 | W | M | 19.90 | 6.68 | Renal failure | SZ | Haloperidol, lorazepm |
| 4 | 73 | W | F | 24.00 | 6.08 | Cancer | SZ | Risperidone,fluoxetine, clorazepate, fentanyl |
| 5 | 63 | W | M | 22.35 | 6.55 | Cardiac arrest | SZ | Clozapine, haloperidol, trazadone, lorazepam |
| 6 | 44 | W | M | 19.00 | 6.05 | Pneumonia | SZ | Clozapine |
| 7 | 35 | W | M | 28.00 | 6.25 | Heart attack/disease | SZ | None |
| 8 | 42 | W | M | 18.10 | 6.26 | Suicide (CO poisoning) | SZ | Trazadone |
| 9 | 78 | W | F | 13.40 | 6.81 | Sick sinus syndrome | SA | NA |
| 10 | 46 | W | M | 18.50 | 6.31 | Cancer (sepsis) | SZ | Olanzapine,divalproex |
| 11 | 26 | W | M | 16.00 | 6.75 | Suicide (hanging) | SZ | Prolixin decanoate |
| 12 | 42 | W | M | 27.10 | 6.64 | Cancer | SZ | None |
| 13 | 47 | W | M | 19.25 | 6.57 | Cancer | SZ | Clonazepam, hydroxyzine |
| 14 | 83 | W | F | 23.25 | 5.91 | GI bleed | SZ | Haloperidol decanoate |
| 15 | 84 | W | F | 25.75 | 6.14 | Congestive heart failure | SA | Risperidone, divalproex, temazepam |
| 16 | 31 | W | M | 15.00 | 6.46 | NA | SZ | Risperidone, olanzapine, bupropion |
| 17 | 72 | W | F | 21.75 | 6.65 | Cancer | SZ | Risperidone, paroxetine, clonidine |
| 18 | 48 | W | F | 33.78 | 6.63 | Heart attack/disease | SA | Risperidone, divalproex |
| 19 | 80 | W | M | 10.97 | 6.44 | Heart attack/disease | SZ | Thioridazine, mirtazapine |
| 20 | 49 | W | M | 19.08 | 6.60 | Suicide (hanging) | SZ | Haloperidol decanoate, lorazepam |
|
| ||||||||
| Mean | 56.25 | 20.76 | 6.43 | |||||
| SD | 17.90 | 5.35 | 0.25 | |||||
PMI = postmortem interval; W = white; NA = not available; M = male; F = female; CO = carbon monoxide; NC = normal control; BP = bipolar disorder; SA = schizoaffective; SZ = schizophrenia; SD = standard deviation.