Table 1.
Baseline and hospitalization characteristics
| Patients characteristics | N = 316 |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 59 (53-65) |
| Gender (male; %) | 191 (60.4%) |
| Race (%) | |
| • Caucasian | 107 (33.9%) |
| • African American | 42 (13.3%) |
| • Asian | 15 (4.7%) |
| • Hispanic | 91 (28.8%) |
| • Unknown | 61 (19.3%) |
| Baseline liver disease (%) | |
| • Hepatitis B | 10 (3.2%) |
| • Hepatitis C | 110 (35%) |
| • Alcohol | 98 (31%) |
| • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 31 (10%) |
| • Autoimmune hepatitis | 10 (3%) |
| • Primary biliary cirrhosis/Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 10 (3%) |
| • Hemochromatosis | 6 (2%) |
| • Post-liver complication | 9 (3%) |
| • Cryptogenic/unspecified | 58 (19%) |
| Presence of TIPS (%) | 15 (4.7%) |
| Prior history of HE (%) | 161/289 (55.7%) |
| MELD, median (IQR) | 22 (17-28) |
| Primary reason of admission | |
| • HE | 198 (62.7%) |
| • Liver related-complication | 88 (27.8%) |
| • Non-liver related | 30 (9.5%) |
| Acute hepatitis (%) | 32 (10.1%) |
| Treatment | |
| • Lactulose alone | 61 (19.3%) |
| • Lactulose + rifaximin | 240 (75.9%) |
| • Rifaximin alone | 10 (3.2%) |
| • Othera | 5 (1.6%) |
| Use of antibiotics other than rifaximin during the admission (%) | 181 (57.3%) |
| Length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 8 (3.25-14.75) |
aMetronidazole, neomycin, supportive