Table 2.
Comparison of individual changes (pain intensity, pain-related disability) between inpatients and outpatients
| Group | Statistics for main effect “group” | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outpatients | Inpatients | ANOVA | ANCOVA covariate: initial score + days until return | |||||||||||
| Individual changes § | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | df | F | p-value | eta 2 | df | F | p-value | eta 2 |
| Pain intensity$ | 0.9 | 1.5 | 920 | 1.2 | (1.5) | 312 | 1,1230 | 10.5 | .001 | .008 | 1,1228 | 0.1 | .728 | - |
| Pain-related disability# | 1.0 | 1.2 | 850 | 1.4 | (1.2) | 292 | 1,1140 | 33.2 | <.001 | .028 | 1,1138 | 12.6 | <.001 | .011 |
Note:
§Individual change: (Child’s score at baseline – child’s score at follow-up)/SD of the group baseline score; Interpretation of standardised change scores: 0.6 to 0.99 is considered a moderate change; ≥1.0, a large change.
$Numeric rating scale (NRS) 0–10.
#Paediatric Pain Disability Index (P-PDI [15]).
Boldface data reflect significant differences between the two groups.