Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Total (n = 631) | Physical activity level | Pfor trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 365) | Moderate (n = 177) | High (n = 89) | |||
| Age, y | 48.5 ± 2.7 | 48.7 ± 2.8 | 48.0 ± 2.6* | 48.8 ± 2.6 | 0.656 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 22.6 ± 2.9 | 0.257 |
| WC, cma | 78.3 (77.5–79.0) | 79.0 (78.3–79.8) | 77.5 (75.9–78.3) | 76.7 (75.2–78.3) | 0.040 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 14 (3.1) | 13 (4.9) | 0(0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.032 |
| Marital status, n (%)b | 0.012 | ||||
| Nevermarried/separated/divorced/widowed | 39 (6.4) | 31 (8.9) | 5 (2.9) | 3(3.6) | |
| Married/cohabitating | 568 (93.6) | 317 (91.1) | 170 (97.1) | 81 (96.4) | |
| Family income, n (%)c | 0.059 | ||||
| Less than 4 million won | 79 (15.6) | 58 (19.7) | 9 (6.3) | 12 (17.1) | |
| More than 4 million won | 429 (84.4) | 236 (80.3) | 135 (93.8) | 58 (82.9) | |
| Education, n (%)d | 0.097 | ||||
| High school or lower | 215 (36.4) | 140 (41.4) | 42 (24.9) | 33 (39.8) | |
| College/university | 375 (63.6) | 198 (58.6) | 127(75.1) | 50 (60.2) | |
| Parity, n (%) | 0.224 | ||||
| 1–2 | 491 (81.3) | 273 (78.7) | 147 (87.0) | 71 (80.7) | |
| ≥ 3 | 113 (18.7) | 74 (21.3) | 22 (13.0) | 17 (19.3) | |
The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, geometric means (95% confidence interval (CI)), or number (%). The physical activity groups were compared using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
*Significantly different from the control group (Low) at p < 0.05 (Dunnett’s test).
aLog-transformed values were used for analysis; the geometric means and 95% CIs were back-transformed.
bMarital status information was available for 607 participants.
cFamily income information was available for 508 participants.
dEducation information was available for 590 participants.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.