A, D) HUVEC cells were either not infected or infected with KSHV for 24, 48, or 72 hours before being fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Cells were permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 (in PBS), and blocked in 1% human AB serum before staining with the following primary antibodies: anti-hedls (p-bodies, green) and anti-LANA (to mark infected cells, red). In part A, infected cells are denoted with a thin arrow; uninfected cells are marked with a thick arrow. In part D, actin stress fibers were also labeled with phalloidin (false-colored white). B–C) To quantify the effect of latent infection on p-bodies, the number of LANA-expressing cells that displayed p-bodies of normal size (>300 nm in diameter) were counted and compared to uninfected cells. Three independent experiments were performed. >100 cells were counted in each experiment. C–D) Before KSHV infection HUVECs were transduced with two different recombinant lentiviruses that express a short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against the kaposin transcript (named shKap1 and shKap2) or the non-specific (NS) shRNA control. Positive transductants were selected by puromycin treatment for two days and then seeded on coverslips for infection with KSHV the next day. 48 hours post-infection, cells were fixed and processed for immune fluorescence as described above. n = 3 independent experiments Scale bar = 10 µm.