Table 1. The mutations and phenotypes of single-gene mutants.

Gene Number	Gene Name	Allele	Nucleotide change	Amino acid change	Cmag	Electron Dense particles by TEM	Other changes in genome
	WT RS-1				+++	Many bullet-shaped particles
DMR_40800	kup	1	4619085 removed	Frameshift at position 217	+	Rare particles	0
		2	C4618459T	Premature stop at position 425	+	Rare particles	15
		3	G4618844T	Q297K	+	Rare particles	2
DMR_41030	mamL	1	C4639766T	E63K	+	Rare particles	3
		2	T4639844A	I37F	+	None observed	5
		3	C4639804T	G50E	+	None observed	ND
DMR_41050	mad6	1	G4640709A	Premature stop at position 177	++	Rare particles	1
DMR_41090	fmpA	1	A4645685T	D369E	++	Rare particles	3
		2	G4645540A	Premature stop at position 418	−	Rare round-shaped particles	1
DMR_41100	fmpB	1	G inserted after 4647284	Frameshift at position 270	++	Rare particles	1
		2	4647285 removed	Frameshift at position 270	++	Rare particles	2
DMR_41110	mamB	1	transposon	Transposon insertion	−	None observed	0
		2	C4648956T	C9Y	−	None observed	2
		3	C4648523T	Premature stop at position 153	−	Non observed	1
		4	C4648923T	G20D	++	Rare particles	20
		5	C4648888T	G32S	−	None observed	8
DMR_41120	mad2	1	C4649529T	Premature stop at position 37	−	Rare jagged particles	12
		2	C4649155T	G162S	−	Rare round-shaped particles	1
		3	G4649338A	H101Y	−	Rare round or jagged particles	2
DMR_41130	mamQ	1	G4650091A	Premature stop at position 65	−	None observed	23
		2	G4649752A	P178S	−	None observed	6
		3	C4649805T	R160Q	−	None observed	1
DMR_41150	mad1	1	G4650957A	R283W	−	Rare jagged particles	1
DMR_41280	tauE	1	G4664110T	Premature stop at position 226	−	None observed	0
		2	C4664713T	G26D	−	None observed	8
		3	transposon	Transposon insertion	−	None observed	2

+++ indicates a C_mag of 1.4–1.6, ++ a C_mag of 1.1–1.3, + that some cultures have a C_mag around 1.05, near the limit of detection, and – a C_mag of 1.

ND: mamL allele 3 was the only mutant not analyzed by whole genome sequencing; its mutation was discovered by PCR and Sanger sequencing.