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. 2014 Oct 3;4(4):340–357. doi: 10.3390/bios4040340

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The impact of different covalent surface modifications on the assay performance of C-reactive protein on screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs). Two sets of electrodes were chemically treated with self-assembled monolayers (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and 3,3-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDPA)) to facilitate covalent coupling of the CRP antibody 1c11 ((A) with DTDPA). Optimized electrochemical immunoassays were then conducted to evaluate the effect of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on the assay performance (B). CV = 9.7%; the bars represent the standard error of the means (n = 4).