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Current understanding of the impact of E2 and E4 on nuclear versus membrane initiated steroid signaling (MISS) ERα-mediated effects
| Estrogens | Cell or tissue effects |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uterus |
MCF-7 |
Endothelial cells |
||
| Transcription/ proliferation | Transcription ERE dependent | Src-ERα interaction | Cell migration/ eNOS activation | |
| E2 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| E4 | +++ | +++ | + | 0 |
| E2 + E4 | +++ | +++ | 0 | 0/+ |
| Prominent mechanism of action | Nuclear | Miss | ||
