Table 1.
Child and maternal characteristics for 3 to 5 year old children with an echocardiogram (PHACS SMARTT Study, United States, 2006-2013)
| Characteristica | SMARTT Cohort
|
P Value b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) cohort (n = 417) | HIV-unexposed reference cohort (n = 98) | ||
| Age at echocardiogram (years), median (min, max) | 4.0 (2.8, 7.4) | 4.8 (2.8, 5.9) | 0.53 |
| Female | 207 (50%) | 52 (53%) | 0.58 |
| Race | 0.16 | ||
| Black/African-American | 257 (62%) | 69 (70%) | |
| White | 123 (30%) | 25 (26%) | |
| Other/not reported | 37 (9%) | 4 (4%) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 161 (39%) | 22 (22%) | 0.002 |
| Child’s BMI at echocardiogram, mean (SD) | 16.7 (2.3) | 15.7 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Child’s birth characteristics | |||
| Birth weight <2.5kg | 84 (20%) | 15 (16%) | 0.47 |
| Gestational age <37 weeks | 82 (20%) | 11 (12%) | 0.10 |
| Small for gestational age (<10th percentile weight for gestational age) | 44 (11%) | 9 (10%) | 1.00 |
| Mother’s age at delivery (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 28.2 (6.0) | 26.2 (6.4) | 0.002 |
| <25 years at delivery | 124 (30%) | 50 (55%) | <0.001 |
| Mother’s VL >1000 cpm prior to delivery | 55 (14%) | --- | --- |
| Mother’s CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 prior to delivery | 32 (8%) | --- | --- |
| Maternal substance use during pregnancy | |||
| Tobacco | 76 (20%) | 10 (11%) | 0.067 |
| Alcohol | 26 (7%) | 4 (4%) | 0.63 |
| Illicit drugs | 37 (10%) | 4 (4%) | 0.15 |
BMI = body mass index, SD = standard deviation, VL = viral load, cpm = copies per milliliter
a
Data on certain characteristics were unavailable for reference and HEU subjects, for ethnicity (n = 0 and 1), birth weight (n = 5 and 0), gestational age (n = 6 and 2), SGA (n = 12 and 17), maternal age (n = 7 and 0), substance use (n = 9 and 32), and for HEU, maternal VL (n = 22) and CD4 (n = 25).
b
P value by Fisher’s exact test for binary characteristics, Chi-Square test for categorical characteristics (race), and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous characteristics