TABLE 5.

Caffeine from energy drinks in published national studies reviewed and from analysis of NHANES 2009–2010 data using the WWEIA food categories¹

Source (ref)	Age, y	Percentage consuming energy drinks	Contribution of energy drinks to caffeine intake, %
Mitchell et al. (16)	2–5	Too small to estimate	1.3
	6–12	Too small to estimate	3.7
	13–17	3.7	10.3
	18–24	10.3	9.1
Fulgoni (28)	2–11	NA	NA
	12–17	NA	NA
Branum et al. (29)	2–5	NA	0
	6–11	NA	0
	12–16	NA	3.0
	17–18	NA	2.2
	19–22	NA	10.3
Ahluwalia et al. (30)2
Analyses of NHANES 2009–2010 data using WWEIA food categories	2–5	0	0
	6–11	0	0
	12–19	1.7	4.4

¹NA, not available in the report; ref, reference; WWEIA, What We Eat in America.

²Data Source: NHANES dietary data 2009–2010 (43).