TABLE 3.
Summary of findings related to PFJ consumption and lipid metabolism1
| Reference | Study design, duration2 | Type of juice | Subjects (healthy unless indicated)3 | Results4 |
| Khadem-Ansari et al., 2010 (43) | Pre- and post-test, 4 wk | Grape (red),150 mL/d × twice a day | n = 26, ♂, 25–60 y | ↑ HDL (P < 0.001), ↑ apoB (P < 0.002), ↔ apoA1, ↓ plasma homocysteine (P < 0.001) |
| Kurowska et al., 2000 (44) | Crossover × 3 doses, 4 wk each, 5-wk washout | Orange, 250 mL, 500 mL, 750 mL/d | n = 20 moderate hypercholesterolemia + n = 5 normal-mild hypercholesterolemia ♀♂, 55 ± 11 y | ↑ HDL (P < 0.001), ↑ TG (P < 0.02), ↓ LDL:HDL (P < 0.005) with 750 mL/d only; ↔ other lipids, apoproteins, homocysteine, or bodyweight |
| Aptekmann et al., 2010 (45) | Juice vs. no juice control, 3 mo; all on exercise protocol | Orange, 500 mL/d | n = 26, sedentary ♀, (37% overweight, 63% obese), premenopausal, 30–48 y | ↓ Cholesterol (total, LDL, LDL:HDL), ↑ HDL, ↓ plasma lactate |
| Esmaillzadeh et al., 2004 (46) | Pre- and post-test, 8 wk | Pomegranate, 40 g concentrated | n = 22, type 2 diabetic ♀♂, 53 ± 5 y | ↓ Total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL (P < 0.006), total cholesterol:HDL (P < 0.001), LDL:HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), ↔ bodyweight or waist:hip ratio |
| Ravn-Haren et al., 2013 (47) | Crossover × 4, 4 wk each | Apple, 500 mL/d (clear, cloudy) apple pomace, fresh apple, control | n = 23, ♀♂, 18–69 y | ↑ LDL cholesterol in clear apple juice vs. control and all products (P = 0.0003); ↔ plasma lipids, hsCRP, glucose metabolism |
1
hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PFJ, pure (100%) fruit juice.
2
Study design was randomized unless otherwise indicated.
3
Values are mean age ± SD or range, rounded to nearest whole number.
4
P < 0.05 unless otherwise indicated; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no effect; ♀, women; ♂, men.