Table IV.

Regressions to Later Measurements of the PCERA

Predictor	4-month play β	9-month play β	9-month feed β	16-month play β	24-month play β	36-month play β
Set 1: Predictors of later PAIV
Neonatal risk	.13	.03	.12	.00	−.09	.07
SES	.13	.28*	−.05	.17*	.24*	.24†
Live with father at birth	.24†	−.02	−.01	.12	.23†	−.11
Emotional support	−.04	.15	.03	.10	.00	.00
PAIV at NICU	.22*	.34**	.52**	.18*	.18*	.18
Set 2: Predictors of later III
Neonatal risk	.02	.10	.05	−.01	−.22*	.01
SES	.12	.33**	.05	.35**	.38**	.30*
Live with father at birth	.23	.06	−.00	.13	.06	.07
Emotional support	−.07	.08	.16	−.05	−.06	.00
III at NICU	.10	.23*	.08	−.16	.10	−.07

Note. Numbers represent standardized regression coefficients. PAIV = Parental Positive Affective Involvement and Verbalizations; NAB = Parental Negative Affect and Behavior; III = Parental Insensitivity, Intrusiveness, and Inconsistency; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; SES = socioeconomic status; PCERA = Parent–Child Early Relational Assessment. Higher scores on the PCERA indicate more positive and less negative and insensitive parenting, whereas lower scores indicate more negative, insensitive, and intrusive parenting. Living with father was dichotomously coded, such that 1 = living with father and 0 = not living with father.

^†p < .08, *p < .05, **p < .001 with p-values corrected for multiple comparisons.