FIGURE 1.

WHIRLY1 is not required for ARR. Plants were inoculated with 10⁶ cfu ml^–1 of virulent Pst DC3000 at 4 and 7 weeks post-germination (wpg). In planta bacterial density [colony-forming units per leaf disk (cfu ld^–1)] was determined 3 days later and is presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three sample replicates. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between means (ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). This experiment was performed three times with similar results. Plant growth, inoculations, and quantification of bacterial levels were performed as described previously (Carviel et al., 2014). The T-DNA mutants why1-1 (SALK_023713C) and why1-2 (SALK_147680C) were obtained from TAIR and have been characterized previously (Isemer et al., 2012).