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. 2014 Nov 11;19(1):92–102. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12463

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

PPARγ activation was required for ciglitazone-induced AMPK/eNOS signalling transduction. (A) PPARγ expressions were detected in RMVECs pre-treated with PPARγ siRNA transfection (and scramble siRNA as negative control), or pre-treated with GW9662 (and DMSO as negative control). (B and C) The expressions of AMPK phosphorylation and eNOS were detected in RMVECs induced by ox-LDL, PPARγ siRNA, or GW9662. (D and E) The effect of ciglitazone (10 μmol/l) on ox-LDL-induced AMPK phosphorylation and eNOS expression after pre-treated with PPARγ siRNA or GW9662. (F) The effect of ciglitazone (10 μmol/l) on ox-LDL-induced RMVECs ageing and apoptosis after pre-treated with PPARγ siRNA or GW9662. (G) Relative quantification of nitric oxide production using nitrate reductase method in RMVECs under different treatments. (H) Representative images of cell ageing (up) and endothelial tube formation in Matrigel Matrix from ox-LDL-induced RMVECs with or without pre-treatment of ciglitazone, PPARγ siRNA and GW9662. *P < 0.05 versus Control group; #P < 0.05 versus ox-LDL treated group (n = 5 separated experiments).