Functional recovery of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-OHDA were transplanted with MSC, pNb, pNb+MSC, or vehicle (Control), and tested for motor recovery. (A) TH neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. TH immunostaining showing the loss of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra ipsilateral (right) to the lesion. (B) Forelimb asymmetry was tested every 15 days with the cylinder test. Data are expressed as percentage of limb preference for the contralateral (left) forepaw. n = 8 per group, except n = 13 for the MSC + pNb group, mean value ± SEM (anova test, **P < 0.01). (C) The neuronal loss as a result of the 6-OHDA lesion was estimated by counting the numbers of TH+ cells in the substantia nigra of rats transplanted with MSC, with MSC+pNb, or untransplanted rats. Mean values ± SEM are presented. (D) Functional recovery according to the presence of transplant. Cylinder test scores at D120 were expressed according to the presence (Graft, n = 4) or absence (Scar, n = 9) of healthy graft in the rat striatum, and compared with the vehicle group (Crtl, n = 8). Mean values ± SEM are presented (one-way anova with Bonferroni post hoc test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). (E–G) At D120, transplanted rats exhibited either a healthy graft with NF70+ (E, NF staining) and TH+ (F, TH staining) neurons or a scar (G, cresyl violet staining).