TABLE 2.

Characteristics of the ideal growth factor carrier adapted from Geiger et al. (2003)

Biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and antigenicity

Biodegradability with biocompatible components, in predictable manner in concert with bone growth

Adequate porosity for cellular invasion and vascularization

Adequate compressive and tensile strength

Enhancement of cellular attachment, but without inducing fibrous tissue growth at the bone/carrier interface

Amenability to sterilization without loss of properties

Affinity to growth factor and host bone

Enhancement of osteogenic activity with a restrictive release of growth factor at an effective dose during a period coincident with the accumulation and proliferation of target cells

Adaptability to irregular wound site, malleability

Availability to surgeon on short notice