Table 1.
Description of Sample.
| M (SD) | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables (age 18) | ||
| Youth Race | ||
| African American | 247 (60.0) | |
| White | 107 (26.0) | |
| Other Race/Ethnicity | 58 (14.0) | |
| Mother Marital Status | ||
| Single | 201 (48.8) | |
| Formerly | 89 (21.6) | |
| Married | 122 (29.6) | |
| Family Income: | ||
| Under US$15,000 | 233 (56.5) | |
| US$15,000 or over | 179 (43.5) | |
| Has become a parent | ||
| Yes | 59 (14.3) | |
| No | 353 (85.7) | |
| Youth gender | ||
| Female | 222 (53.9) | |
| Male | 190 (46.1) | |
| Site: | ||
| Eastern | 115 (27.9) | |
| Southern | 115 (27.9) | |
| Midwestern | 59 (14.3) | |
| Northwestern | 86 (20.9) | |
| Southwestern | 39 (9.0) | |
| Youth Parenting Attitudes | ||
| Expectations | 23.38 (4.05) | |
| Empathy | 26.04 (5.81) | |
| Rejection of Punishment | 33.45 (7.74) | |
| Roles | 22.23 (6.75) | |
| Mother Parenting Attitudes | ||
| Expectations | 23.88 (3.61) | |
| Empathy | 29.37 (5.46) | |
| Rejection of Punishment | 35.82 (6.31) | |
| Roles | 28.52 (6.71) | |
| Potential Intervening Variables | ||
| Physical Abuse | 170 (41.3) | |
| Official | 86 (20.9) | |
| Self-Report | 105 (25.5) | |
| Emotional Maltreatment | 183 (44.4) | |
| Official | 83 (20.1) | |
| Self-Report | 132 (32.0) | |
| Sexual Abuse | 63 (15.3) | |
| Official | 46 (11.4) | |
| Self-Report | 23 (5.6) | |
| Neglect (Official) | 128 (31.1) | |
| Parental Involvement | 1.64 (0.30) | |
| CBCL Internalizing | 6.35 (4.63) | |
| CBCL Externalizing | 11.26 (6.84) |
Note. N = 412. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist.