Comparison of the levels of expression of flhD, fliA, and motA in wild-type (solid circles) and ΔfliL (open circles) cells. Transcription of flhD (A), fliA (B), motA (C), and umoA (D) in cells grown on soft LB agar was measured as β-galactosidase activity from their respective lacZ transcriptional fusions. Means ± standard deviations (n = 3) are shown.