Table 4.

A1C, BMI, self-care, and psychosocial measures across time, baseline through 6 months.

Variables		Baseline (N=41), mean (SE)	3 months (n=36), mean (SE)	6 months (n=36), mean (SE)	P
A1C		7.4 (0.21)	7.4 (0.22)	7.1 (0.22)	.05
BMI		39.3 (1.60)	38.8 (1.66)	38.6 (1.66)	.02c
Diabetes self-care behavior
	Summary score	5.1 (0.15)	5.5 (0.16)	5.4 (0.16)	.03c
	General diet	5.6 (0.26)	6.0 (0.27)	6.0 (0.27)	.22
	General diet-rev	5.4 (0.25)	5.9 (0.26)	5.9 (0.26)	.09
	Specific diet	4.8 (0.17)	5.0 (0.18)	4.8 (0.18)	.42
	Specific diet-rev	5.6 (0.15)	5.7 (0.16)	5.6 (0.16)	.91
	Exercise	4.0 (0.32)	4.7 (0.33)	4.5 (0.34)	.12
	Physical activity-rev	3.9 (0.31)	4.7 (0.33)a	4.5 (0.33)	.04c
	Self-testing	6.6 (0.28)	6.9 (0.29)	6.6 (0.29)	.46
	Foot care	6.0 (0.33)	6.0 (0.35)	6.4 (0.35)	.29
Diabetes health questionnaire
	Substitution	2.7 (0.13)	2.8 (0.13)	2.5 (0.13)	.05
	Avoid frying	1.9 (0.08)	1.8 (0.08)	1.8 (0.09)	.18
	Replacement	2.8 (0.11)	2.7 (0.12)	2.7 (0.12)	.43
	Modify meat	2.6 (0.13)	2.4 (0.13)	2.2 (0.14)b	.01c
	Avoid fat	3.0 (0.07)	2.9 (0.08)	3.0 (0.08)	.70
Environmental barriers to adherence
	Global score	2.2 (0.11)	1.9 (0.11)a	2.0 (0.11)	.01d
	Diet subscale	2.6 (0.12)	2.2 (0.13)a	2.3 (0.13)	.01d
	Exercise subscale	2.5 (0.12)	2.3 (0.13)	2.3 (0.13)	.17
	Glucose testing	1.9 (0.14)	1.6 (0.14)	1.7 (0.14)	.14
	Medication subscale	1.8 (0.14)	1.7 (0.14)	1.5 (0.14)	.19
Diabetes empowerment		4.1 (0.12)	4.2 (0.13)	4.2 (0.13)	.89
Diabetes distress scale		2.4 (0.15)	2.3 (0.15)	1.9 (1.60)a,b	.02c

^asignificant, P<.05, post-hoc pairwise difference between the current and previous time point

^bsignificant, P<.05, post-hoc pairwise difference between 6 months and baseline

^c P<.05 for mixed-effects model analyses including baseline, 3 month, and 6 month time points

^d P<.01 for mixed-effects model analyses including baseline, 3 month, and 6 month time points