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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 10.

Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2013 Oct 23;27(16):2505–2517. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000432455.06476.bc

A) IP-10 mRNA expression in sorted cell populations from individuals with early HIV-1 infection. IP-10 mRNA expression relative to beta actin was determined for each cell population. Box plots show 25^th to 75^th percentile with whiskers to the minimum and maximum and bisecting line at the median. Data was analyzed with nonparametric analysis of variance using the Friedman’s test with a p<0.0001 across the groups. When controlled for multiple comparisons with the Dunn’s test, the levels differed significantly between T cells and mDCs and monocytes and B cells and Monocytes.

B) Monocyte IP-10 mRNA levels from patient PBMCs are related to both plasma IP-10 level and log viral load. Relative expression of IP-10 mRNA was compared by linear regression to plasma IP-10 levels (left panel) and log viral load (right panel) from matched samples.

C) Assessment of monocyte and mDC production of IP-10 in response to HIV-1. Proportion of monocytes (top row,) and mDCs (second row) that produce IP-10 quantified by intracellular cytokine staining following PBMC stimulation with media (negative, gray shaded histogram) or AT-2 HIV-1 or HIV-1_NL43.(blue open histograms). Gating strategies as detailed in the methods section, these plots are representative experiments.

D) In)vitro IP-10 production from different cell types and geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IP-10 producing cells. Proportion of monocytes, mDCs, pDCs, B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells that produce IP-10 quantified by intracellular cytokine staining following PBMC stimulation with AT-2 HIV-1 or HIV-1_NL43. (left panel). MFI of the IP-10 producing cells from the 3 populations with the most significant production (right panel). Values are reported following background subtraction and represent the average of 5 experiments.

A) IP-10 mRNA expression in sorted cell populations from individuals with early HIV-1 infection. IP-10 mRNA expression relative to beta actin was determined for each cell population. Box plots show 25^th to 75^th percentile with whiskers to the minimum and maximum and bisecting line at the median. Data was analyzed with nonparametric analysis of variance using the Friedman’s test with a p<0.0001 across the groups. When controlled for multiple comparisons with the Dunn’s test, the levels differed significantly between T cells and mDCs and monocytes and B cells and Monocytes.

B) Monocyte IP-10 mRNA levels from patient PBMCs are related to both plasma IP-10 level and log viral load. Relative expression of IP-10 mRNA was compared by linear regression to plasma IP-10 levels (left panel) and log viral load (right panel) from matched samples.

C) Assessment of monocyte and mDC production of IP-10 in response to HIV-1. Proportion of monocytes (top row,) and mDCs (second row) that produce IP-10 quantified by intracellular cytokine staining following PBMC stimulation with media (negative, gray shaded histogram) or AT-2 HIV-1 or HIV-1_NL43.(blue open histograms). Gating strategies as detailed in the methods section, these plots are representative experiments.

D) In)vitro IP-10 production from different cell types and geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IP-10 producing cells. Proportion of monocytes, mDCs, pDCs, B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells that produce IP-10 quantified by intracellular cytokine staining following PBMC stimulation with AT-2 HIV-1 or HIV-1_NL43. (left panel). MFI of the IP-10 producing cells from the 3 populations with the most significant production (right panel). Values are reported following background subtraction and represent the average of 5 experiments.