. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 Oct 10;112(4):309–316. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.017

Table 1.

Mast cell mediators and their pro-ACS effects

Mediator	Cardiovascular effect
Chymase	Generates angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, MMP-1 activation, endothelial cell apoptosis, formation of foam cells
CRH	Autocrine MC and immune cell stimulation
Histamine	Coronary artery constriction, stimulation of endothelial cell IL-6 and IL-8 release, P-selectin upregulation, potentiation of the effect of PAF, induction of microvascular permeability and deposition of LDL in the intima
IL-6	Pro-inflammatory, CRP induction, Th17 maturation, leukocyte recruitment
IL-8	Immune cell chemoattraction
Leukotrienes	Coronary vasoconstriction
MMP-9	Matrix and vascular integrity degradation
PAF	Platelet activation and aggregation, peo-inflammatory
Neurotensin	Pro-inflammatory, vasoconstriction
Thromboxanes	Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction
Renin	Angiotensin I synthesis, vasoconstriction
TNF	Pro-inflammatory, IL-6 upregulation, MMP activation, endothelial cell apoptosis
Tryptase	Pro-inflammatory, PAR-2 activation, HDL degradation, endothelial apoptosis, induction of microvascular permeability and deposition of LDL in the intima
Ucn	Cardiomyocyte IL-6 release