Figure 1.

Direct Path Model predicting Barriers to Insulin Treatment (BIT)

Interpersonal Processes of Care Survey (IPC)

ipc 1: Communication, Lack of clarity

ipc 2: Communication, Elicited concern

ipc 3: Communication, Explained results

ipc 4: Decision making, Worked together

ipc 5: Interpersonal style, Compassionate, respectful

ipc 6: Interpersonal style, Discriminated due to race/ethnicity

ipc 7: Interpersonal style, disrespectful office staff

Barriers to Insulin Treatment (BIT)

bit1: Fear of injection

bit 2: Expectations regarding positive outcome

bit 3: Expected hardship

bit 4: Stigmatization

bit 5: Fear of hypoglycemia