Table 1.
Demographics of participants (n=178)
| Characteristics | Mean ±SD | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Range: | 64.3 ± 13.54 | |
| Gender | Female | 96(53.9) | |
| Race | Asians | 58(32.6) | |
| Blacks | 45(25.3) | ||
| Whites | 56(31.5) | ||
| Others (American Indians or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander) | 19(10.6) | ||
| Education | Less than high school | 14 (7.9) | |
| High school graduate | 36(20.2) | ||
| Some college 1–3years | 65(36.5) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 36(20.2) | ||
| Graduate degree | 27(15.2) | ||
| HbA1C* | Range: 5.2–11.0 | 6.98 ± 0.99 | |
| Number of comorbidities | None | 118(66.3) | |
| 1 | 42 (23.6) | ||
| 2 | 7(3.9) | ||
| 3 | 1(0.6) | ||
| Number of microvascular diabetic complications‡ | None | 146(82.0) | |
| 1 | 16(9.0) | ||
| 2 | 5(2.8) | ||
| 3 | 1(0.6) |
HbA1C: glycosylated hemoglobin, *n=158
‡
n=168
Comorbidities: congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arthritis