FIG 5.

Carbohydrate content released from V. cholerae biofilms during incubation with bile salts. To reduce growth and background from rich media, biofilms were incubated in M9 minimal media with 0.2% glycerol for 2 h. Medium was filter sterilized before the carbohydrate content was estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and percent carbohydrate values were calculated by fitting to a standard glucose curve. For bile salts and taurine (TR), the final concentration is 1 mM. Data are means and SD from three independent experiments. NS, no significance; **, P < 0.005.