Table 3.
Associations between lifestyle factors and CHD risk adjusted for age and cohort
| Lifestyle factor | Sex | Cox regression correcting for relatedness | Stratified Cox regression in MZ pairs | Stratified Cox regression in DZ pairs | Zygosity–lifestyle interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | P value | ||
| Smoking | Men | 1.27 (1.19, 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 0.323 | 1.18 (0.99, 1.41) | 0.066 | 0.930 |
| Women | 1.37 (1.26, 1.50) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.23, 2.53) | 0.002 | 1.61 (1.27, 2.05) | <0.001 | 0.683 | |
| Sedentary lifestyle | Men | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 0.099 | 1.48 (1.01, 2.17) | 0.046 | 0.94 (0.73, 1.20) | 0.609 | 0.051 |
| Women | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 0.033 | 1.36 (0.92, 1.99) | 0.122 | 1.140.84, 1.55 | 0.395 | 0.491 | |
| Alcohol consumption | Men | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | 0.842 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 0.772 | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 0.654 | 0.997 |
| Women | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.248 | 0.74 (0.36, 1.51) | 0.410 | 1.49 (0.93, 2.37) | 0.094 | 0.108 | |
| BMI | Men | 1.20 (1.15, 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.05, 1.50) | 0.011 | 1.15 (1.03, 1.27) | 0.01 | 0.372 |
| Women | 1.20 (1.15, 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.93, 1.57) | 0.155 | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 0.227 | 0.437 | |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MZ, monozygotic; DZ, dizygotic; BMI, body mass index.
Zygosity was classified as MZ = 1, DZ = 2 in the zygosity–lifestyle interaction term.