. 2015 Jan 10;10(2):3. doi: 10.1007/s12263-014-0452-0

Table 1.

Body weight, food intake, metabolic parameters and body composition of WT and Ppara-null mice fed diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratio

	Dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio			p values
	6/77 %	20/63 %	50/33 %	PPARα	Diet	PPARα-diet
Body weight (g)
WT	20.0 ± 0.5	21.3 ± 0.4	25.1 ± 0.4	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001
Ppara-null	17.4 ± 0.3^##	21.0 ± 0.5	20.0 ± 0.2^####	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001
Food intake (Kcal/day)
WT	10.1 ± 0.49	10.8 ± 0.47	10.4 ± 0.48	0.53	0.07	0.14
Ppara-null	10.6 ± 0.48	10.7 ± .0.65	10.3 ± 0.39	0.53	0.07	0.14
Protein intake (g/day)
WT	0.15 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.02	1.32 ± 0.06	0.76	<0.0001	0.80
Ppara-null	0.16 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.04	1.30 ± 0.05	0.76	<0.0001	0.80
Protein intake (Kcal/day)
WT	0.61 ± 0.03	2.31 ± 0.10	5.26 ± 0.24	0.76	<0.0001	0.80
Ppara-null	0.65 ± 0.03	2.28 ± 0.15	5.20 ± 0.20	0.76	<0.0001	0.80
Carbohydrate intake (g/day)
WT	1.95 ± 0.10	1.82 ± 0.08	0.87 ± 0.04	0.29	<0.0001	0.08
Ppara-null	2.07 ± 0.09	1.80 ± 0.12	0.86 ± 0.03	0.29	<0.0001	0.08
Carbohydrate intake (Kcal/day)
WT	7.81 ± 0.38	7.29 ± 0.31	3.47 ± 0.16	0.29	<0.0001	0.08
Ppara-null	8.29 ± 0.38	7.18 ± 0.48	3.43 ± 0.13
Glucose (mg/ml)
WT	183.4 ± 15.0	218.0 ± 21.0	174 ± 9.3	0.10	0.0008	0.005
Ppara-null	222.0 ± 9.6	176.5 ± 6.3	121.8 ± 3.1^#	0.10	0.0008	0.005
Glycogen (mg/g liver)
WT	35.46 ± 1.9	28.06 ± 1.3	19.30 ± 2.7	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Ppara-null	44.27 ± 1.0^##	22.26 ± 0.8	1.37 ± 0.62^####	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Insulin (ng/ml)
WT	8.0 ± 0.6	11.4 ± 0.1	8.7 ± 1.2	<0.0001	0.0001	0.0455
Ppara-null	4.0 ± 0.9^#	8.8 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.2^###	<0.0001	0.0001	0.0455
Glucagon (pg/ml)
WT	35.5 ± 5.7	58.8 ± 3.7	71.5 ± 2.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.18
Ppara-null	59.3 ± 10.5	112.4 ± 3.7^###	107.6 ± 13.8^#	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.18
Liver weight (% body weight)
WT	5.1 ± 0.2	5.8 ± 0.1	5.3 ± 0.06	0.004	0.006	0.15
Ppara-null	5.0 ± 0.3	5.3 ± 0.1	4.4 ± 0.2^#	0.004	0.006	0.15
Urea (mg/day)
WT	14.2 ± 0.7	20.4 ± 0.5	26.0 ± 0.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0002
Ppara-null	35.9 ± 2.3^####	29.3 ± 0.7^###	45.4 ± 2.6^####	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0002
Body protein (%)
WT	19.1 ± 0.4	22.2 ± 0.2	21.9 ± 0.3	0.0009	0.21	0.002
Ppara-null	20.0 ± 0.2	19.2 ± 0.8^#	17.5 ± 1.5^###	0.0009	0.21	0.002
Body fat (%)
WT	7.3 ± 0.9	9.2 ± 1.5	5.0 ± 0.7	<0.0001	0.004	0.15
Ppara-null	21.3 ± 1.8^###	29.4 ± 1.4^####	17.6 ± 3.4^##	<0.0001	0.004	0.15

Data are means ± SEM. Glucose, glycogen, insulin, glucagon and liver weight data were obtained after 3 h of refeeding. Two-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test

WT wild-type mice, Ppara-null Ppara-null mice

# p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001; ### p ≤ 0.0001 relative to WT group