Table 2.

Concentration of serum amino acids in Ppara-null and WT mice

	Dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio			p values
	6/77 %	20/63 %	50/33 %	PPARα	Diet	PPARα-diet
Leucine (μM)
WT	327.4 ± 55.3	315.8 ± 82.9	670.3 ± 117.2	0.66	0.06	0.007
Ppara-null	420.8 ± 67.8	443.0 ± 20.5	374.6 ± 48.1#
Isoleucine (μM)
WT	160.6 ± 24.0	152.8 ± 28.0	320.1 ± 60.0	0.0007	0.03	0.15
Ppara-null	287.6 ± 44.7	419.8 ± 62.4#	383.6 ± 60.7
Valine (μM)
WT	371.1 ± 30.1	372.8 ± 80.6	586.3 ± 124.1	0.097	0.29	0.16
Ppara-null	503.9 ± 54.3	628.2 ± 64.4	531.3 ± 79.8
Alanine (μM)
WT	1,713 ± 229.9	1,486 ± 437.4	1,346 ± 295.7	0.74	0.0004	0.009
Ppara-null	2,941 ± 516.3#	1,230 ± 157.7	634.9 ± 29.6
Glycine (μM)
WT	640.0 ± 100.8	363.2 ± 84.7	463.4 ± 76.5	0.43	0.0002	0.088
Ppara-null	669.9 ± 79.1	431.5 ± 26.5	218.3 ± 16.6
Serine (μM)
WT	104.0 ± 13.4	131.7 ± 33.1	83.5 ± 12.6	0.096	0.001	0.21
Ppara-null	112.4 ± 5.1	102.3 ± 9.6	40.0 ± 8.4
Proline (μM)
WT	75.8 ± 18.2	166.5 ± 83.6	75.0 ± 17.6	0.25	0.001	<0.0001
Ppara-null	362.5 ± 59.8###	40.0 ± 11.95	31.0 ± 8.6
Histidine (μM)
WT	430.3 ± 98.8	923.3 ± 143.2	611.9 ± 95.55	0.02	0.16	0.003
Ppara-null	624.4 ± 126.3	425.8 ± 32.6#	325.1 ± 12.8
Tryptophan (μM)
WT	327.7 ± 84.1	436.0 ± 44.0	244.9 ± 62.0	0.14	0.002	0.05
Ppara-null	431.1 ± 78.4	226.2 ± 13.8	103.9 ± 10.8
Tyrosine (μM)
WT	430.3 ± 98.8	923.3 ± 143.2	611.9 ± 95.5	0.02	0.16	0.003
Ppara-null	624.4 ± 126.3	425.8 ± 32.65#	325.1 ± 12.8
Aspartate (μM)
WT	1,073 ± 203.1	687.7 ± 109.9	995.5 ± 262.1	0.87	0.01	0.25
Ppara-null	1,339 ± 149.3	660.7 ± 46.6	668.3 ± 139.3
Lysine (μM)
WT	1,592 ± 463.6	3,119 ± 1,247	1,472 ± 455.8	0.22	0.01	0.04
Ppara-null	4,040 ± 787.6#	3,005 ± 328.2	1,025 ± 105.6

Data are means ± SEM. The concentration of serum amino acids was measured after 16 h fasting. Two-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test

WT wild-type mice, Ppara-null Ppara-null mice

# p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001; ### p ≤ 0.0001 relative to WT group