Table 2.
Dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio | p values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6/77 % | 20/63 % | 50/33 % | PPARα | Diet | PPARα-diet | |
Leucine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 327.4 ± 55.3 | 315.8 ± 82.9 | 670.3 ± 117.2 | 0.66 | 0.06 | 0.007 |
Ppara-null | 420.8 ± 67.8 | 443.0 ± 20.5 | 374.6 ± 48.1# | |||
Isoleucine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 160.6 ± 24.0 | 152.8 ± 28.0 | 320.1 ± 60.0 | 0.0007 | 0.03 | 0.15 |
Ppara-null | 287.6 ± 44.7 | 419.8 ± 62.4# | 383.6 ± 60.7 | |||
Valine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 371.1 ± 30.1 | 372.8 ± 80.6 | 586.3 ± 124.1 | 0.097 | 0.29 | 0.16 |
Ppara-null | 503.9 ± 54.3 | 628.2 ± 64.4 | 531.3 ± 79.8 | |||
Alanine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 1,713 ± 229.9 | 1,486 ± 437.4 | 1,346 ± 295.7 | 0.74 | 0.0004 | 0.009 |
Ppara-null | 2,941 ± 516.3# | 1,230 ± 157.7 | 634.9 ± 29.6 | |||
Glycine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 640.0 ± 100.8 | 363.2 ± 84.7 | 463.4 ± 76.5 | 0.43 | 0.0002 | 0.088 |
Ppara-null | 669.9 ± 79.1 | 431.5 ± 26.5 | 218.3 ± 16.6 | |||
Serine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 104.0 ± 13.4 | 131.7 ± 33.1 | 83.5 ± 12.6 | 0.096 | 0.001 | 0.21 |
Ppara-null | 112.4 ± 5.1 | 102.3 ± 9.6 | 40.0 ± 8.4 | |||
Proline (μM) | ||||||
WT | 75.8 ± 18.2 | 166.5 ± 83.6 | 75.0 ± 17.6 | 0.25 | 0.001 | <0.0001 |
Ppara-null | 362.5 ± 59.8### | 40.0 ± 11.95 | 31.0 ± 8.6 | |||
Histidine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 430.3 ± 98.8 | 923.3 ± 143.2 | 611.9 ± 95.55 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.003 |
Ppara-null | 624.4 ± 126.3 | 425.8 ± 32.6# | 325.1 ± 12.8 | |||
Tryptophan (μM) | ||||||
WT | 327.7 ± 84.1 | 436.0 ± 44.0 | 244.9 ± 62.0 | 0.14 | 0.002 | 0.05 |
Ppara-null | 431.1 ± 78.4 | 226.2 ± 13.8 | 103.9 ± 10.8 | |||
Tyrosine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 430.3 ± 98.8 | 923.3 ± 143.2 | 611.9 ± 95.5 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.003 |
Ppara-null | 624.4 ± 126.3 | 425.8 ± 32.65# | 325.1 ± 12.8 | |||
Aspartate (μM) | ||||||
WT | 1,073 ± 203.1 | 687.7 ± 109.9 | 995.5 ± 262.1 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 0.25 |
Ppara-null | 1,339 ± 149.3 | 660.7 ± 46.6 | 668.3 ± 139.3 | |||
Lysine (μM) | ||||||
WT | 1,592 ± 463.6 | 3,119 ± 1,247 | 1,472 ± 455.8 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
Ppara-null | 4,040 ± 787.6# | 3,005 ± 328.2 | 1,025 ± 105.6 |
Data are means ± SEM. The concentration of serum amino acids was measured after 16 h fasting. Two-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test
WT wild-type mice, Ppara-null Ppara-null mice
# p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01; ### p < 0.001; ### p ≤ 0.0001 relative to WT group