Figure 4. Predicted relationships between surrounding agricultural land-use intensity and soil biogeochemistry within fenced and unfenced forest remnants.

The mean (± 1 S.E.) fitted relationships were derived from the final model-averaged solution (Table 2) using the ‘lmePredict’ function, while holding other fixed effects constant at their mean values. Symbols represent the raw means (± 1 S.E.), corrected for soil moisture factor and bulk density where appropriate. For clarity, raw data and predicted relationships are only shown for the extreme edge (0 m) and interior (46.5 m) distances within forest remnants, but models were tested across all edge distances. Grey shaded intervals represent the raw mean (± 1 S.E.) reference forest interior conditions (at 243–420 m from edge). Note that the predicted relationships are conditional on the random effects specified in the model.