Table 1.

Bloom’s taxonomy and the associated verbs for each level of cognitive functioning

Bloom’s level of cognitive functioning	Verbs describing the learning outcome
Knowledge	define, describe, identify, know, label, list, match, name, outline, recall, recognize, reproduce, select, state
Comprehension	comprehend, convert, defend, distinguish, estimate, explain, extend, generalize, give examples, infer, interpret, paraphrase, predict, rewrite, summarize, translate
Application	apply, change, compute, demonstrate, discover, manipulate, modify, operate, predict, prepare, produce, relate, show, solve, use
Analysis	analyse, break down, compare, contrast, diagram, deconstruct, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, identify, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, select, separate
Synthesis	categorize, combine, compile, compose, create, devise, design, explain, generate, modify, organize, plan, rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize, revise, rewrite, summarize, tell , write
Evaluation	appraise, compare, conclude, contrast, criticise, critique, defend, describe, discriminate, evaluate, explain, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, support