Table 2.
Factors associated with ever, current and habitual use of khat among Bahir Dar University students, Ethiopia 2012
| Ever use of khat | Khat use (current academic year) | Habitual use of khat | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Male | 2.6(2.0,3.4) | 3.1(2.0, 4.8) *** | 3.5(2.4, 5.1) | 3.3(1.8, 6.0) * | 8.1(3.3, 20.0) | 4.5(1.4, 14.4) * |
| Year of Study | ||||||
| Year 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Year 2 | 1.4(1.1,1.8) | 1.5(1.1, 2.2) *** | 1.3(0.9, 1.7) | 0.9(0.6, 1.6) | 1.5(0.8, 2.7) | 0.8(0.3, 1.8) |
| Year 3 | 1.2(0.9, 1.5) | 1.7(1.1, 2.5) * | 1.1(0.8, 1.5) | 1.3(0.8, 2.2) | 1.4(0.8, 2.4) | 1.2(0.5, 2.8) |
| Year 4 and above | 2.0(1.6, 2.6) | 1.3(0.8, 1.9) | 2.4(1.7, 3.2) | 1.1(0.7, 1.8) | 4.5(2.7, 7.4) | 2.0(1.0, 4.2) |
| Religion | ||||||
| Orthodox Christian | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Catholic | 2.7(1.0-7.0) | 0.9(0.2, 3.9) | 3.6(1.3, 10.3) | 0.9(0.2, 5.5) | 3.3(0.7, 14.6) | 0.26(0.01, 4.35) |
| Protestant | 1.1(0.8, 1.5) | 1.0(0.6, 1.6) | 1.1(0.7, 1.7) | 0.9(0.5, 1.6) | 1.0(0.5, 2.0) | 1.0(0.4, 2.6) |
| Muslim | 4.3(3.3, 5.7) | 1.7(1.1, 2.7) * | 4.0(3.0, 5.5) | 2.1(1.2, 3.5) ** | 3.4(2.2, 5.4) | 1.5(0.7, 3.0) |
| No religion | 6.1(2.0, 18.7) | 0.8(0.1, 5.9) | 13.9(4.5, 42.8) | 2.3(0.3, 16.2) | 7.4(2.0, 27.3) | 1.0(0.2, 5.3) |
| Other | 1.9(0.8, 4.7) | 1.3(0.3, 5.1) | 3.5(1.3, 9.0) | 2.5(0.6, 10.7) | 4.3(1.3, 15.1) | 1.7(0.3, 11.3) |
| Childhood residence | ||||||
| Rural | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Small towns | 2.7(2.2, 3.4) | 1.8(1.3, 2.6) ** | 3.3(2.4, 4.4) | 1.6(1.0, 2.6) | 5.7(3.2, 10.3) | 1.4(1.0, 5.5) |
| Big cities | 3.3(2.6, 4.2) | 2.5(1.7, 3.8) *** | 4.7(3.4, 6.4) | 2.2(1.3, 3.7) ** | 7.7(4.3, 13.9) | 1.2(0.5, 3.2) |
| Average monthly pocket money received from families and friends | ||||||
| Do not get money | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| < 100 Birr | 0.4(0.3, 0.7) | 0.9(0.5, 1.7) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 1.0(0.4, 2.5) | 0.3(0.1, 0.8) | 0.9(0.2, 3.7) |
| 100-199 Birr | 0.8(0.5, 1.1) | 1.1(0.6, 2.0) | 0.7(0.4, 1.2) | 1.0(0.4, 2.0) | 0.4(0.1,0.9) | 0.3(0.1, 1.1) |
| 200-299 Birr | 1.1(0.8, 1.6) | 1.4(0.8, 2.5) | 1.2(0.7, 2.0) | 1.3(0.6, 2.8) | 1.0(0.4, 2.2) | 0.9(0.3, 2.6) |
| 300-399 Birr | 1.5(1.0, 2.1) | 1.5(0.8, 2.7) | 2.1(1.2, 3.4) | 2.1(1.0, 4.3) | 1.3(0.6, 3.0) | 0.9(0.3, 2.6) |
| 400-499 Birr | 1.4(0.9, 2.2) | 1.0(0.5, 2.0) | 2.5(1.5, 4.3) | 2.2(1.0, 4.9) | 3.3(1.5, 7.2) | 2.9(1.0, 8.5) |
| 500 and above | 1.7(1.2, 2.4) | 1.2(0.6, 2.2) | 2.8(1.7, 4.6) | 1.8(0.9, 3.8) | 2.7(1.3, 5.7) | 0.8(0.3, 2.3) |
| Off Campus Housing | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 5.0(3.4, 7.4) | 2.1(1.1, 4.1) * | 7.4(5.0, 11.0) | 3.0(1.5, 6.0) ** | 12.4(7.9, 19.7) | 6.3(2.9, 13.8) *** |
| Family History of Khat chewing | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 6.9(5.6, 8.5) | 3.9(2.8, 5.5) *** | 6.8(5.3, 8.6) | 2.8(1.9, 4.2) *** | 6.6(4.6, 9.3) | 2.4(1.3, 4.1) ** |
| Close friends chew Khat | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 6.6(5.3, 8.3) | 2.6(1.9, 3.7) *** | 13.4(9.3, 19.3) | 4.2(2.6, 6.9)*** | 18.6(9.0, 38.1) | 3.6(1.4, 9.3) ** |
| Dorm mates chew khat | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 3.6(2.9, 4.3) | 1.4(1.1, 2.0) * | 5.5(4.3, 7.2) | 1.9(1.3, 2.9) ** | 7.8(5.0, 12.4) | 1.8(0.9, 3.4) |
| Believe that Khat helps to study better | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 9.7(7.7, 12.3) | 7.5(5.3, 10.4) *** | 12.6(9.7, 16.3) | 6.6(4.6, 9.5) *** | 20.2(13.3, 30.6) | 8.8(5.0,15.4) *** |
*- P < 0.05 **- p < 0.01 ***- p < 0.001.